The difference between the roles of the prosecutor and the defense Research Paper

The contrast between the jobs of the examiner and the barrier lawyer - Research Paper Example This paper is a basic assessment of the contrasts between the jobs of an investigator and those of a barrier lawyer over the span of administrating equity. Contrasts in the Roles of the Prosecutor and the Defense Attorney Once a wrongdoing has been submitted and brought to the consideration of the investigator, it is his job and duty to guarantee that equity to the person in question, regardless of whether an individual or the state, is accomplished by guaranteeing that the guilty party is sentenced through a reasonable court process. To accomplish this, the investigator sets out determined to make a solid case, which is liberated from escape clauses, in order to build up whether the guilty party has the right to confront preliminary or not. In this unique situation, he needs to lead intensive examination, which may include addressing and making sure about observers, gathering all the implicating proof for instance by procuring the administrations of specialists, for example, those m anaging criminology, ballistics among others, contingent upon the kind of wrongdoing being referred to, in order to help their case once the preliminary starts (Grant, 2002). This administration might be given by the insightful arm of the police, which is of high significance to the investigator. This is basic dependent on the way that there are individuals in the general public, who may wish to expose others to torment with the end goal that they will use their fair rights to request rebel equity through out of line means, for example, planting of proof. Others might be persuaded to do such things by political aspirations, whereby the arraignment might be utilized as an instrument to dishonor an individual by showing him as degenerate or wasteful. In this specific circumstance, demand that an examiner isn't generally out to guarantee that suspects are put to prison yet additionally goes about as a specialist of truth. Truth be told, Rosenthal (n.d) demonstrates that the examiner ha s the job of guaranteeing that honest individuals are not sentenced. It is in this way the motivation behind why he won't proceed to indict an individual if the proof shows that the case is propelled by vindictiveness. Be that as it may, note this doesn't suggest that the examiner has the position to pronounce one blameless as that is the right of the appointed authority, however honestly, if the case in his grasp goes to court and he doesn't put stock in its tolerability, at that point, he has the forces to persuade the adjudicator by declining to convince him to see the suspect as blameworthy of the offenses. In the US criminal equity framework, the examiners are viewed as so amazing because of the forces vested in them, which permits prosecutorial watchfulness and supplication haggling. This implies they can persuade the litigant to concede either as charged or to a charge of lesser greatness after which he would beg the adjudicator for a lighter punishment than what is suggested (Fionda, 1995). This is a situation that has made debate with the end goal that pundits demonstrate the expectation of proposing obligatory indictment rather than what is as of now in activity. The worldwide criminal court (ICC), for instance, is commanded through the Rome resolution to indict culprits of wrongdoings against humankind, annihilation, and other atrocities, which might be executed by people or

An Analysis Of Environmental Toxicology Environmental Sciences Essay

An Analysis Of Environmental Toxicology Environmental Sciences Essay Ecological Toxicology is a quickly creating field worried about the examination how normal and man-had toxins effect the soundness of people, untamed life, and entire environments. It includes utilization of an assortment of methods to examine the effect of harmful specialists on living beings and gives amazing assets to evaluating the dangers related with the nearness of these operators. It draws on an assortment of logical orders to depict, measure, clarify and anticipate the seriousness and recurrence of unfavorable impacts on living life forms because of ecological toxicant presentation. Contamination, exhaustion of assets and breaking down of environmental capacities are of worldwide, territorial and nearby concerns. Natural toxicology presents numerous useful applications to these issues. The discoveries are utilized by government offices to set new contamination control gauges and to break down the seriousness of harm in a biological system and build up the most intelligent ap proaches to tidying it up. Land improvement organizations may likewise work with ecological toxicologists to put forth sure that clearing and development attempts are as earth cordial as could reasonably be expected. It includes testing soil, water, and air tests to search for the source contamination, and utilize their discoveries to more readily comprehend wellbeing impacts on local species. Pakistan, as creating nation, is confronting difficulties with various genuine ecological issues, for example, degeneration of regular assets, mechanical and vehicular contamination, contamination of seaside condition, crumbling of human wellbeing. Summing up in monetary terms, the yearly expense of ecological disparagement in the nation is about 4.3 % of GDP (US $ 4.3 billion). This workshop is about the developing measure of contamination in Pakistan. Looks at discoveries of changed examinations demonstrating that wellbeing is in effect unfavorably influenced by an assortment of natural cont aminants. The above circumstance has emerged because of various elements including high populace development rate, winning destitution, impromptu urban and mechanical extension, inadequate accentuation on ecological insurance in the administration arrangements, absence of open mindfulness and training and absence of institutional limit and assets for successful natural administration. To forestall proceeded with natural debasement and the decrease of human ecological wellbeing, associations between human, other living life forms and the earth must be in congruity. This is attainable through a coordinated, all encompassing methodology enveloping instruction and research exercises in characteristic sciences, financial and political variables with mechanical, monetary and socio-social intercessions. Expanding attention to natural corruption is bringing about expansion of ecological enactment all through the world. This drive towards more noteworthy ecological assurance has made an inte rest for researchers talented in evaluating natural assets and all the more critically the issues related with their abuse. Ecological appraisal might be required to assess the natural, physical or hydrological assets of any condition, and to put these assets inside a more extensive topographical setting. This workshop is a push to give a wide establishment of logical based abilities to develop, preparing natural callings, especially in zones identifying with ecological insurance and the executives. Besides, the national and global prerequisites have been under worry for better natural administration understanding the between connection between feasible monetary turn of events and ecological assurance. Introductory statements from Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf, Chairman branch of pharmacology and toxicology/the Director Research UVAS, were trailed by that of Prof. Dr. Mohammad Nawaz, Vice chancellor UVAS, and Prof. Dr. Mrs. Kausar Jamal Cheema, Dean Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, every one of whom stressed the significance to use the aggregate insight in arrangement of improved strategies for harmfulness evaluation and levelheaded methods for assessing wellbeing hazard so as to elevate general wellbeing and to give a superior and more secure condition to forestall medical issues before they happen. They included further it is our crucial train new ecological toxicologists and address appropriate natural toxicology inquiries through instruction and research in territories, for example, concoction destiny, bioavailability, organic impact, toxicokinetics, and systems of activity. An attention on interdisciplinary methodologies and logical aptitudes is ce ntral to our training and research exercises. Dr. Sohail Ejaz (co-creator of this report), PhD, University of Cambridge, UK co-ordinator and workshop coordinator introduced on the imaginative appraisal procedures for assessing effect of Air Pollution upon Neuroinflammatory sicknesses of Central sensory system and how these investigations could be executed in our labs. New measurements have been added to the variety of result measures. Clinical results look into now perceives that patient prosperity ought to be extensively conceptualized and estimated thoroughly, notwithstanding thinking about the organic procedure of the malady itself. Therefore, wellbeing related personal satisfaction, the impression of prosperity, is presently viewed as a vital segment of results inquire about. Toxicologic examinations have additionally picked up in refinement through fuse of progressively delicate pointers of impact and the cautious following of the connection among presentation and organically applicable dosages to target destinations, which may now be considered at an atomic level. He additionally gave a review of all his exploration exercises directed at Department of Clinical Neuroscience and how to function upon such strategies in our nation with scarced assets and what focuses to be accomplished further to conquer natural contamination issues in Pakistan. Dr. Sohail Ejaz wrap up to create and bolster inquire about projects, outreach and different administrations that address basic issues in natural wellbeing and toxicology. A universal speaker Prof. Dr. Gerry Amor Camer, Dean, College of Veterinary Medicine from University of Eastern Philippines, communicated through video conferencing office. He shared his exceptional research chip away at tissue toxicology and introduced a discussion on Understanding the pathology of tissues presented to different poisons and toxins. Evaluation of the natural impacts of synthetic compounds is confused as it relies upon the living beings tried and includes the harmfulness of individual synthetics, yet additionally their intuitive impacts, genotoxicity, mutagenecity and immunotoxicity testing. He further explained that various stressors influence the earth and some of the time when demonstrating synergistic impacts they become hard to evaluate or anticipate their individual impacts. Therefore, there is a need to comprehend the toxicant impacts at atomic levels to foresee their belongings and existing methods to be continually altered to give better methods for their eva luation. Dr. Zulfiqar Ali, Department of natural life and biology, UVAS, introduced on Sources and Health impacts of various Air poisons. The components for demonstrating and understanding the destiny of air poisons through air transport, affidavit into water and soil, bioaccumulation, and extreme take-up to receptor organs and frameworks in the human body are mind boggling. These require progressively exploratory and hypothetical advancements so as to deliver approaches for portrayal and fitting techniques and measures for screening so as to recognize the hurtful specialists and keep them from arriving at touchy endpoints. This class and workshop gave analysts from all over Pakistan a far reaching stage where all aspects of ecological contamination as it exists in our nation to be completely investigated and a gathering to these experts and scientists to talk about and present most recent research patterns and results in the field of Toxicology. Such activities help to help the examination, investigation, and arrangement of ecological issues which are at last influencing the strength of individuals, creatures, plants, soils and over all eco-framework trustworthiness. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf featured diverse research exercises rendered by the branch of Pharmacology and Toxicology in the ongoing years at his foundation. He examined the foundation of new labs at the division a push to open entryways to numerous new measurements subsequently advancing the headway and utilization of logical research identified with the contaminants. This incorporated the foundation of Angiogenesis Toxicology lab (ATRL) an d a Neuropharmacology lab in the staff a dynamic advance for Applied Neuropharmacology Cancer investigate. He explained further that our exploration intends to decide how natural contaminations collaborate with cell capacities and offer ascent to dependable unfavorable wellbeing impacts in vertebrates including people. We are especially inspired by poisonous impacts that focus on the hormone framework, the regenerative framework and the early mental health and different frameworks in vertebrates. Catalyst catalyzed initiation in target cells and tissues and receptor-interceded reactions are significant territories of research. With a presentation of these labs, it is additionally an exertion in pulling in top notch understudies across Pakistan and outside qualified and significant employees to take lead on practical research ventures expected to address our nation explicit issues. Speakers from different colleges and Govt. offices introduced their exploration ventures and research papers. Mr. Khaleeq Anwar, PhD Scholar, introduced his work on Impact of Automobile rickshaw on Public wellbeing. He introduced proof that Automobile rickshaws are among one of the significant wellsprings of air contamination in Pakistan, contaminants discharged from them incorporate the mama

Equine Therapy for Mental Health Benefits and Things to Consider

Equine Therapy for Mental Health Benefits and Things to Consider Stress Management Household Stress Print Using Equine Therapy as Mental Health Treatment What Horses Bring to the Therapeutic Process By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 21, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on March 15, 2019 More in Stress Management Household Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Relationship Stress In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Benefits Conditions Equine-Assisted Therapy Considerations View All Back To Top Animals can offer an extraordinary amount of emotional support. Beyond the pet-owner relationship that many of us have lovingly experienced, animals are sometimes used in therapeutic settings to help clients proceed through challenging emotional experiences. Equine-assisted psychotherapy allows for horses to be incorporated into the therapeutic process. With matured horses weighing anywhere in the range of 900 to 2,000 pounds or more, it might feel a bit intimidating to have such a large, majestic creature sitting in your therapy sessions. However, equine-assisted therapy is growing in popularity due to its experiential approach and some burgeoning evidence of its effectiveness. There are a variety of terms used to describe or reference equine-assisted psychotherapy, such as: Equine-assisted mental healthEquine-assisted counselingEquine facilitated psychotherapyEquine-assisted therapy The last term, equine-assisted therapy, can also often refer to other forms of therapy where horses are used, such as with occupational therapy. Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Who Its For Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) can be used with a variety of populations and in a variety of therapeutic settings. In fact, horses can be used in counseling with individuals of all ages, even with families and groups. Equine-assisted psychotherapy is often not the sole form of treatment, but rather a complementary therapeutic service to be used in partnership with more traditional treatment. Offering a much different experience than traditional talk therapy, EAP brings people outdoors and offers an opportunity to use all senses while learning and processing through emotional challenges. Children and Teens Equine facilitated psychotherapy may be just as effective with children and teens as it is with adult clients. As with adults, children can experience challenges such as trauma, anxiety, depression, PTSD, and more. Equine therapy offers them a therapeutic environment that can feel less threatening and more inviting than a traditional talk therapy office. The majority of children participating in EAP are between the ages of 6 to 18 years old. They often find it difficult to open up and process painful emotions and experiences. Equine-assisted psychotherapy allows youth, and people of all ages, to work on issues such as: Emotional awarenessAssertivenessSocial skillsConfidenceTrust in selfTrust in othersEmpathyImpulse controlProblem-solving skillsDeveloping and maintaining relationships Benefits Although a variety of animals can be used in the psychotherapeutic process, horses offer unique traits that have come to make them a top choice for animal-assisted therapies. According to anxiety expert Dr. Robin Zasio, horses bring the following unique elements to the therapy process. Non-Judgmental and Unbiased As much as humans, especially therapists, do our best to offer a safe space for clients to explore deep emotional hurts and painful experiences, it can be uncomfortable for clients to openly share their thoughts. Building therapeutic rapport can take time, working toward building trust and practicing vulnerability in session. Having the horse present may offer a sense of peace, as they only will react to the clients behavior and emotions with no threat of bias or any judgment of their emotional experience. Feedback and Mirroring Horses are keen observers, vigilant and sensitive to movement and emotion. They often mirror a clients behavior or emotions, conveying understanding and connection that allows the client to feel safe. This also allows for clients to maintain a sense of self-awareness, using the horses behavior and interactions for feedback and opportunities to check in and process what is happening in the moment. Managing Vulnerability As clients might find themselves vulnerable when trying to open up about emotional challenges, past experiences, or life transitions, the horse can offer a reference point to use for processing. If something feels too painful to speak of, it can feel a bit easier for clients to process using the horse as an example, or to align their experience with the horses experiences in the moment. Externalizing the content in this way can make things easier to approach and process through. Conditions Equine therapy has some evidence supporting its effectiveness in helping to manage several conditions. Anxiety Anxiety affects more than 17 million Americans. Although a level of anxiety can be felt by many of us at points in our lives, especially around experiences involving change and uncertainty, there are times when people experience anxiety that meets clinical diagnostic criteria. Anxiety-related conditions include: Separation anxietySelective mutismSpecific phobiaSocial phobiaPanic disorderAgoraphobiaGeneralized anxiety disorder Many people who struggle with anxiety find themselves stuck in worry about their past and fearful about their future. As Dr. Zasio points out, working with a horse during the therapeutic process can create an opportunity for clients to ... stay present and focused on the task at hand. Since horses are vigilant and sensitive to behavior and emotions, they can sense danger and respond with a heightened awareness, which typically leads to a change in their behavior and possible attempts to get away. Clients who struggle with anxiety can relate to this developed ability to sense danger cues and respond in a heightened way. Processing challenges through the behavior of the horse can be easier for clients than speaking directly about their own personal experiences with anxiety. Another benefit to using equine-assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of anxiety is to help clients practice vulnerability in a safe environment. As clients learn to interact with the horse and try new things, they are being asked to step out of their comfort zone with the help and support of the therapist and the horse. Clients can then process their experience, such as the fears and challenges, as well as any insights, discoveries or victories in those moments during therapy. PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can feel debilitating, marked by increased arousal and reactivity, intrusive memories and nightmares, and avoidance symptoms after a traumatic event. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (AADA), it is estimated that 7.7 million people aged 18 or older struggle with PTSD. Children, teens, and adults can struggle with PTSD. Although people can experience a variety of traumatic events that could influence the development of PTSD, those who have experienced sexual assault, as well as veterans who have experienced combat, are populations who tend to have higher rates of the development of PTSD. The use of equine-assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of PTSD for veterans is growing. Tess Hassett, a riding instructor at the Northern Virginia Therapeutic Riding Program, has a background in clinical psychology and is working with veterans using EAP. Describing her work with veterans, Hassett noted, A lot of them have said that after what theyve been through with their PTSD and depression, they never thought theyd be able to bond with someone again and feel that personal connection. But with their horse, theyre feeling that connection. Theyre able to take that into the rest of their lives and into their relationships. Addiction Treatment It is known that drug and alcohol addiction continues to rise and be problematic in the United States. The Center for Disease Control estimated that over 72,000 people died from a drug overdose in 2017. Many of those were due to the opioid epidemic, with approximately 50,000 deaths occurring as a result of opioid use. The need for effective therapies to help treat addiction is at an all-time high. Equine-assisted psychotherapy offers a unique approach to working with addiction and those with co-occurring conditions. A co-occurring condition, what used to be referred to as a dual diagnosis, describes someone who struggles with addiction in addition to having another mental health condition. This is quite common for those with substance abuse and addiction challenges, as the additional concerns can include a variety of things, such as anxiety, depression, OCD, or PTSD. The ultimate goal of addiction treatment is to help clients live sober, healthy and productive lives. Many times in addiction treatment, clients are also working hard to heal hurts within relationship dynamics, such as within a family or with their partner. Learning to trust, practice vulnerability and communicate effectively can be a challenge during this treatment process. EAP can help clients learn how to develop a sense of trust through their interactions with the horse, gaining a sense of safety, building relationship, encouraging clients to be vulnerable as they learn new things and experience interactions with their horse. ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is an additional area where equine-assisted psychotherapy can be helpful. Some report EAP is appealing to adults and youth with ADHD because it offers them an active, fun, hands-on experience. During equine-assisted therapy, the client is typically with a trained therapist, an equine specialist, and the horse. There is no riding necessarily involved with equine-assisted psychotherapy. Rather, the focus is on presence, attention, mindfulness, boundaries, social cues, and more. Kay Trotter, PhD, a licensed professional counselor, author, and founder of Equine Partners in Counseling (EPIC) Enterprises, was one of the first to dedicate research to the effectiveness of equine-assisted psychotherapy. Trotter found that introducing horses to the therapeutic process showed significantly increased positive behaviors while reducing negative behaviors. Her study was one of the first published on the effectiveness of EAP, published in the Journal for Creativity in Mental Health. It has been shown that clients can experience a variety of benefit from equine-assisted psychotherapy, such as: Reduced aggressionImproved focusImproved adjustment to routines and guidelinesIncrease in self-esteemIncrease in self-respectFriendships feeling less stressful For clients struggling with ADHD, the sense of accomplishment in an equine-assisted psychotherapy session can be of great benefit. As a licensed clinical social worker, Kit Muellner describes that ... clients feel that theyve achieved something on their own, rather than being told to do something by a parent or teacher. A 1,500-pound animal responds the way you want him to because you were able to focus. So youve accomplished something you wanted to do, versus something that somebody else wanted you to do. This sense of accomplishment can feel significant for anyone, especially someone who struggles with ADHD. In those moments, they are getting instant feedback from their horse and learning how to develop trust, communicate effectively, and how to work toward meeting a personal goal or milestone. Equine Assisted Therapists The Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to setting the standard for professionals working with horses in a therapeutic setting. They offer training and have established a specialized certification process for those wishing to become a recognized, trained equine-assisted therapy professional. In addition to EAGALA, there are other programs dedicated to proper training and maintenance of standards for those working with clients in the field of EAP. To conduct therapy, regardless of whether you are providing equine-assisted therapy or not, you will need to contact your state regulatory board to learn about the educational and clinical requirements needed to become a licensed professional counselor or therapist in your state. Equine-assisted therapy is a particular style and specialization within the field of psychotherapy, with clinicians seeking and earning special training and certification related to the practice of EAP. Things to Consider There are some factors to consider when deciding to explore equine-assisted therapy for yourself or a loved one. Timing Depending on the challenges the client is facing, the timing may or may not be appropriate for EAP. For example, when someone is faced with addiction, they will need proper time to detox and establish compliance with an appropriate treatment program before possibly incorporating equine-assisted therapy services. Fear Although equine-assisted therapy has been shown to be helpful in the treatment of anxiety, a client may fear to be around a large horse and not feel motivated to attend this type of treatment. There may also be a traumatic memory involving animals that would prevent someone from being willing to participate. It is important to speak with a trained mental health provider to determine if you or your loved one are a good fit for equine-assisted therapy. Most programs will have an assessment process to determine if EAP is right for you before beginning any treatment. Cost Because equine-assisted psychotherapy is only more recently growing in popularity and gaining traction as an effective treatment for mental health and substance abuse, keep in mind that this service may not be covered by insurance benefits. The fees for EAP services will vary by location and can range in price. It is recommended that you contact your insurance company and your local equine therapy facility to discuss those details in advance. Using Therapy Dogs to Improve Mental and Physical Health

Drug Use in Todays School System Has Become the Norm

I look around at the cars next to me as they’re suddenly slowing to a halt. It didn’t feel quite right because the traffic lights looked normal, there were no accidents up ahead, and the weather was beautiful out. I roll my passenger side window down and quickly turn the radio off. I notice myself almost instinctively slow my car to a complete stop as if it were a normal occurrence to stop in the middle of the street. What I hadn’t noticed was the blaring sirens of an ambulance up ahead on the same road that I was on. Heroin overdose, 18 years old, 4.0 student. These cars were soldiers taking a knee for another one lost. The terror struck into the mothers eyes as she found her beautiful daughter lying cold and empty on the bathroom floor, her screams muffled by the terrible silence of our ignorance. Drug usage in today’s school system has become a social norm. As a society we tend to stick to what we know, we tend to follow suit and fall into social pressu re. This social pressure isn’t the enemy; it’s what we must rely on for change. With encouragement and the right knowledge we can all positively influence each other and all high school students to take a stance against drug use. I grew up with a kid named Jon. He was one of my best friends for at least 4 years. We would hang out every day almost. He always kept his head on straight and knew what he wanted in life. I’d be lying if I said he wasn’t exceptionally impressionable though. After he lost his mother to cancer heShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy : Education Is A Virtue851 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Pregnancy: Education Is A Virtue Dating back many centuries, teen pregnancy was the cultural norm where women as young as twelve are married off to men to conceive their children. Back then, it was acceptable for young women to bare a child once first menarche and have as many children as her body could bare. 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Obesity A Global Issue - 2415 Words

Over the past few years, increasing number of people all over the world, especially Americans, have reached to the low-carb bandwagon. With thirty one percent populations being obese, the United States has turns out to be the country with the highest number of obese inhabitants in the world. Obesity is a global issue and has become a crucial epidemic, effecting an estimated ten percent children and teenagers across the world with a substantial probability of having various health issues and a range of added co-morbidities during childhood and teenage (Lobstein, 2004). The entire world, especially America is undoubtedly in crisis due to the continuous rise in obesity at an alarming rate. Obesity is a global prevalence; there are physical, psychological, social, economic, environmental, and biological influences on obesity, with prevention being the only conceivable way out. 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Taxing fatty foods would help to encourage buying healthy foods, and it could reduce obesity rates inRead MoreObesity Is A Threat For Global Health1724 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Obesity is a major disease which has become a global problem, there are more than 250 million people have body mass index more 30. Obesity is being major concern of the people as it leads to stroke and heart attack. This figure is being spread worldwide thus this has become of the major concerned for world health. The prevalence of the concerned disease is high in number around the world. This disease has become concern of both developing and developed countries which has raised theRead MoreThe Current State Of Obesity1526 Words   |  7 Pagesstate of obesity in the United States is a greater than that of other countries who live healthier lifestyles. Living healthy lifestyles is a great goal for a country to look towards achieving, and encouraging these lifestyles can benefit the country as well as the people. There are a lot of benefits for living healthy lifestyles, while there are also many negatives to living an unhealthy lifestyle. Taxing fatty foods would help to encourage buying healthy foods, and it could reduce obesity rates inRead MoreHigh Consumption Of Junk Food Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Obesity affects more than 640 million people globally. In addition, the world’s population becomes over 3 pounds heavier each decade (Encarnaà §Ãƒ £o et al., 2016). According to a global study conducted by several public health professors in London, England, by 2025, 18% of men and 21% of women will become obese (Encarnaà §Ãƒ £o et al., 2016). All over the world, individuals are consuming large amounts of foods high in salt, fat and sugar due to low costs and easy accessibility. High consumption

An Overview of Freedom Greeting Card Company Inc Free Essays

Freedom Greeting Card Company Inc. (www.freedomgreetings. We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview of Freedom Greeting Card Company Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now com) is a greeting card company that recently decided to create a website that would provide wholesale and retail customers with online services (Aspin, 2005). In the past, the company relied entirely on fax and phone orders. It grew into a multi-billion dollar business without even having a web site. However, as customer began demanding faster service and the industry expanded, Freedom†s leaders realized that they would be eliminated by the competition if they failed to give the customers what they wanted (Aspin, 2005). The Internet seemed to be the offered a viable solution to keep in contact with a large customer base. Jay Levitt, president of Freedom Greeting, aimed to create a solution that would be easy to use and effectively boost productivity, while saving money on traditional methods of reacting to increases in demand such as staff and infrastructure expansion. Levitt looked into the possibility of extending his existing business applications. Since 1999, the company was a customer of Aspin Management Systems, a software house based in the United Kingdom (Aspin, 2005). Freedom had invested in AMSolveâ„ ¢, an accounting and back office system which the company produces. The system handles many area of Freedom†s operation, including account ledgers, stock control, order processing and fulfillment. Levitt decided to extend the company†s services to the Internet. The company found a solution that would give trade customers an easy to use method of quickly ordering products, without the need for customers to invest in expensive applications to interface with the company†s server (Aspin, 2005). This solution is a website that provides a catalogue of over five thousand products that can be ordered by industry customers. Customers login and browse the products, adding items or requesting stock through the Grid Ordering process. According to Aspin Intercative (2005): â€Å"The customer or agent specifies the grids and pocket to re-order and the system displays the available stock for pockets as specified in AMSolve. The user then reviews the order, makes any adjustment to quantity and clicks a button to place the order. There is no need to enter any payment details and the order is encrypted and sent directly to Freedom†s AMSolve server for processing. Once the order is placed notification is sent via email, however, an agent representing a client or the customer themselves can log into the website at any time and place, and check that the order is in the system and once shipped, they can check its delivery status.† How to cite An Overview of Freedom Greeting Card Company Inc, Essay examples

Lord Of The Flies An Analysis On free essay sample

Lord Of The Flies, An Analysis On Society Essay, Research Paper Peoples are privileged to populate in an advanced phase of development known as civilisation. In a civilisation, one s life is bound by regulations that are meant to chasten its barbarian natures. A humans possesses better qualities because the Torahs that we must follow instill order and stableness within society. This observation, made by William Golding, dictates itself as one of the most of import subjects of Lord of the Flies. The fresh demonstrates the great demand for civilisation ion in life because without it, people revert back to animalistic natures. When the kids become stranded on the island, the regulations of society no longer use to them. Without the supervising of their parents or of the jurisprudence, the crude nature of the male childs surfaces, and their lives begin to fall apart. The ruin starts with their refusal to garner things for endurance. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord Of The Flies An Analysis On or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The initial reaction of the male childs is to swim, run, leap, and drama. They do non wish to construct shelters, gather nutrient, or maintain a signal fire traveling. Consequently, the male childs live without luxury that could hold been obtained had they maintained a society on the island. Alternatively, these immature male childs take advantage of their freedom and life as they knew it deteriorates. The male childs spark the oncoming of calamity when the hog Hunt evolves as more than merely an activity. Jack and his set of huntsmans love the bang of the pursuit. They spend much of their twenty-four hours seeking the hog runs basking the ferociousness they cause on other living existences. This amusement is taken excessively far when Jack introduces face pigment into the game. The face pigment takes off the individualities of the male childs and transforms them into unidentified barbarians. They hide behind the pigment liberated from shame and uneasiness ( Golding 64 ) . Jack s mask overpowers the remainder of the male childs and they go away to run despite some vitamin D iscontent. Finally, the painted warriors ready a fortress at one terminal of the island. This tribe brings nil but decease and devastation to the island. Furthermore, the freshly formed group of warriors even develop a dance that they perform over the carcase of the dead hog. They become so involved in this dance that that warriors kill one of their ain sort. By opportunity, Simon runs from the wood towards the group that is already shouting Kill the animal! Cut his pharynx! Spill his blood! ( 152 ) . The warriors do non acknowledge him for they instantly attack Simon as if he were a hog to be caught. Although they were huntsmans, this scene is simply a reenactment of their old putting to death. Nevertheless, in this short minute of dramatisation, force occurs once more. It is because of this that Simon, the Jesus, dies a sufferer. In add-on, Jack commits the most atrocious title of oppressing Piggy and holding the warriors hunt Ralph all over the island. First, Roger, with hallucinating forsaking ( 180 ) pushed a bolder of a drop to oppress Piggy. Then, They are armed with lances and told to seek with the purpose of killing. Because Ralph fells so good, Jack has the island set on fire. Jack takes allowing his animalistic side reign, and the consequence is two dead worlds and one charred island. Lord of the Fliess by William Golding manifests the importance of civilisation. We see that the male childs become wild barbarians one time free of the restraints society topographic points. They neglect to fix for their stay on the island. They wear face pigment and engage in dances that glorify the violent death of a hog. Worst of all, though, the male childs jointly murder Simon and Piggy and effort to destruct Ralph. The island Burnss in fires and is left adust and scarred. Merely at their deliverance by civilisation do they recognize how out of control the state of affairs progressed when they were without civilisation.

Rot Race lab Report essays

Rot Race lab Report essays Purpose: To see how fast organisms and materials decay under certain conditions. Procedure: We gathered 4 2-liter plastic pop bottles and cut them to assemble the drawing below. Near the bottom we placed a siv to let juices drain through into the bottom 2-liter. Then we stacked materials and organisms on top of each other until it was about 20 cm tall. We then randomly poked holes into the sides of the pop bottles to let air escape. This is the order we placed the materials, from top to bottom; 2 cups of dirt, 13 pieces of melon, I cup of soil, 3 chunks of wax, 2 cut up bananas, 4 slices of apple, 1 banana peel, many slices of carrot peelings, 1 cinnamon roll, apple sauce, 1 slice of bread, and then the siv. Next we let it sit and made observations every Tuesday and Friday. We checked the color change, smell, height (cm), temperature (degrees Celsius), mass (lbs), Ph, and we checked for living organisms. Conclusion: After the experiment we decided that the bread decomposed the best. I believe this because the bread was the most porous, which allowed more bacteria could get to it. We also decided that the wax decomposed the worst because it was the hardest and most compact. We knew that decomposition was taking place because mold was growing on some of the material and the height and mass were decreasing. When an organism decays it loses it size and mass just like our rot column. Improve: One of the ways that we could have improved our experiment is by placing the material on top of the other material and let it set, instead of mashing it and mixing it together. Also we could have put in materials that were harder to decompose. Another thing we could have done was to put more holes in the bottle. That would have let more air escape therefore it wouldn't have smelled as bad. Or maybe we should hav ...

How to Stay Safe in College

How to Stay Safe in College Staying safe while youre in college doesnt have to be complicated. These fifteen tips can be done with minimal effort and can avoid lots of problems later. Top 15 College Safety Tips Make sure the main door to your hall or apartment building is locked at all times. You wouldnt just leave the front door to your house open, would you? Dont let anyone into your hall or apartment building that you dont know. Not letting someone in doesnt make you look like a jerk. It makes you look like a good neighbor and, if the person is supposed to be in your hall, theyll be grateful for it. Make sure your room door is locked at all times. Yes, this even means when you run down the hall to borrow a book or hop in the shower. Be careful with your keys. Also, if you lose them, dont depend on your roommate to keep letting you in, thinking that your keys will just pop up. Pay the fine and get a new set. If you have a car, lock it. It seems so easy to remember, yet its so easy to forget. If you have a car, check on it. Just because you havent been using your car very much this semester doesnt mean someone else hasnt! Get a locking device for your laptop. This may be a physical lock o r some kind of electronic tracking or locking device. Watch your stuff in the library. You may need to take a quick run to the vending machines to clear your mind...just as someone happens to walk by and see your iPod and laptop unattended. Keep your windows locked. Dont be so focused on locking your door that you forget to check the windows, too. Put emergency numbers in your cell phone. If your wallet is stolen, will you know what phone number to call to cancel your credit cards? Put important phone numbers in your cell so that you can call the moment you notice something is missing. The last thing you want is someone cashing in on the money youve been budgeting for the rest of the semester. Use the campus escort service at night. You may feel embarrassed, but its such a smart idea. And besides, who wouldnt want a free ride?! Taking a friend with you when going out at night. Male or female, big or small, safe neighborhood or not, this is always a good idea. Make sure someone knows where you are at all times. Heading to a club downtow n? Going out on a date? Theres no need to spill all the intimate details, but do let someone (a friend, a roommate, etc.) know where youre going and what time you expect to get back. If you live off-campus, send someone a message when you get home.  If youre studying for finals with a friend late one night at the library, make a quick agreement that youll text each other you get home later that evening. Know the phone number for Campus Security.  You never know: you may need it for yourself or for something you see from far away. Knowing the number off the top of your head (or at least having it in your cell phone) may be the most important thing to remember during an emergency.

Esping-Andersens Welfare Regime Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Esping-Andersens Welfare Regime Model - Essay Example The setting of a state’s welfare is decisive to the operation of the state and the health of the citizens. It is vital to discuss the differences in state welfare regimes. This helps in understanding the differences in state operations and the health of its population among countries. Esping-Andersen came up with the most relevant typology for welfare states. Esping-Andersen using classical European political economy approach differentiates between three types of welfare regimes (Edwards, 2003). Esping-Andersen differentiates the state welfare regimes on three major principles. These principles are social stratification, deco-modification and the public private mix. Deco-modification refers to the extent to which the welfare of the individual is independent of the market. It also refers to the individual’s ability to receive social services as a right. Social stratification describes the welfare state role in matters concerning structure of the society according to Schi ldt (2010). Lastly, public-private mix focuses on roles played by the state, the market, family and the voluntary sector in the particular welfare regimes. Espin-Andersen identifies three main types of welfare regimes: the conservative, social democratic and the liberal welfare regime models as noted by Edwards (2003). The liberal model incorporates free market maximization for the market maintenance. It makes the assumption that all people are able to participate in the market. The underlying idea in market participation leads to freedom of competition. It emphasizes on public and private sector partnership. The workers in liberal model are unlikely to be fully co-modified, however they advocate for cash compensation. According to Annamari (2009), the liberal model of state welfare regime is found in countries like England and the United States of America Conservative Welfare Regime The conservative welfare regime is popular in countries like Germany, France and Belgium among other s. It promotes social assistance and provides for extensive welfare services for all the population. This model perceives the state as a minimal interventionist. Esping-Andersen argues that categorizing the European welfare states as part of the conservative model can be viewed as pejorative (Edwards, 2003). Social Democratic Welfare Regime Social democratic welfare is popular with Nordic countries. It is also referred to as Nordic Model. The social democratic model espouses individualism thus removing individual reliance on the family and it is associated with expensive taxes. This model has an element of egalitarianism which depicts the practice of universalism. The model is also individual oriented as it promotes their well-being (Larsen, 2006). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Comparing Welfare States Using Esping-Andersen’s Welfare Regime Esping-Andersen model has been of importance in as far classification of states according to welfare regimes. The model has several advantages which makes it remain more relevant compared to other welfare regimes. In as far as the social democratic welfare regime is concerned; it is redistributive in terms of the states wealth. Universal welfare and systems of benefits are used as rights and there is public provision of the universal welfare services. Esping-Andersen’s social democratic model depends on high employment levels and thus offers women employment. It also provides less emphasis on the family’s responsibility for its members’ welfare as opposed to other models. The state therefore assumes most of the family responsibility (Larsen, 2006). The elements of egalitarianism depict in Esping-Andersen’s model the practice of universalism as suggested by Mann (2001). The advantage here is that every citizen enjoys same benefits and rights as well regardless of whether they are rich or not. This means that there is equal provision of services without

Government Spending and Price Levels Term Paper

Government Spending and Price Levels - Term Paper Example A part of the consumer’s income is taxed. Let the fixed rate of tax be t. Then the savings can be written as S = (1-t)Y-C+ tY-G. Consumption can be written as C=c(1-t)Y, c is the marginal propensity to consume. Therefore, S=(1-c)(1-t)Y-tY-G. Let us concentrate on the monetary side. The assumption here is that the supply of money (M) is determined by the central bank. The consumer’s decision on their holdings is the sole driving force behind the demand for money. The consumers allocate a part of their wealth as currency and the remaining part in the form of bonds. It is expected that an increase in the interest rate will induce consumers to keep a smaller proportion of their income as currency which, in turn, reduces the demand for money. An expansionary monetary policy will reduce the interest rate and increase output in the short run while an expansionary fiscal policy will do just the opposite (Weins, n.d.). A reduction in marginal propensity to save will increase the rate of interest along with the output. A shock of drop in consumer’s confidence will have its effects on savings, investment, money supply and demand assuming rate of interest and output remains constant. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009, p. 1) The original point A is still equilibrium of the money market. Therefore, the LM curve must include point A. But investment is same as before but savings has increased. So the point A which originally was in the IS curve is now a point where S>I. If there is movement to the right from A, then interest rates and investments are same and savings increases due increase in output. This will make the savings even bigger and so the actual movement should have been to the left of A. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009, p. 1) An increase in money supply will have no effect on savings and investment or demand for money. Therefore, savings and investment will remain the same and so IS curve must include point A. Keynesian model of cross planned expenditure The cross planned expenditure is given by Ep. Ep= C+I+G. Investment Demand Schedule (Cooke, 2010, p. 10) Ip is planned investment. Ep=E(Y,r,G,T)=C(Y-T)+Ip(r)+G Keynesian Cross (Cooke, 2010, p. 12) Government Spending (Cooke, 2010, p. 13) Phillips Curve The relationship between inflation and unemployment is represented through Phillip’s curve. There is a relation between the prices charged by the company and the wages. (Hoover, n.d.) Suppose the government plans for an expansionary fiscal and monetary policy in order to bring the unemployment below the natural rate. This results in increase in demand conditions. The firms are encouraged to raise the prices. The rate of increase in prices is faster than that anticipated by the workers. Workers in this situation are likely to suffer from money illusion. They witness a rise in the wage rate and thereby supplies more labor. This results in fall unemployment rate (Liaudes, 2005, p. 31). Imperfect Information The real economy is significantly affected by monetary policy in the short run. The non-neutral effects of monetary policy rise because of temporary nominal price rigidities. The short term interest rate is taken as the instrument of monetary policy. The Central Bank should adjust the nominal rate so that it cannot offset the movement in expected inflation. The nature of the disturbances has a role to play in this part. The Central Bank may not

The War on Terrorism and the US Propaganda Machine Essay -- September

The War on Terrorism and the US Propaganda Machine Totalitarian regimes control their people by bludgeoning and incarcerating them. Critics of Western societies claim that democratic governments maintain approval for their actions through the "manufacture of consent", a cryptic and insidious form of propaganda. "How?", you ask skeptically. By framing the debate, the theory says. By setting up a debate between two opposing acceptable views--one slightly left of government policy, and the other slightly right--the media can marginalize the radicals and legitimize the party line. Thus the debate surrounding the war in Vietnam was a debate of the hawks ("If we keep fighting we can win") vs. the doves ("It's too costly; we're fighting a losing battle"). There was no question of our right to interfere in the mainstream media, no question of the purpose of the war. You can see the same framing of debate in the US media's coverage of the "war on terrorism". If you look for it, anyway. It all sounds like a conspiracy theory, though, doesn't it? It seems rather far-fetched that the government is controlling the media, even if National Security Advisor Condoleeza Rice did "suggest" that the networks broadcast only "abridged" versions of any future appearances by Osama bin Laden and friends. It's much more plausible that the big companies control the government, but I'm not going to open that kettle of fish. So let's forget about conspiracies for the moment, and simply focus on the media coverage: are we getting a fair shake? Increasing numbers of Americans don't think so. Despite the fact that UK is our strongest ally in this conflict, their media has been considerable more even-handed in cov... ...s a "war on terrorism", but kills countless innocent Afghanis because their government refused to give over bin Laden without some evidence of his involvement in the WTC attacks. But if that's the radical view, and the media comments above are mainstream, we'd do well to broaden our scope. British support for the war has fallen drastically, and is now outnumbered by those opposed. If you'd like to find out why, you'll have to look further than CNN, ABC, NBC, CBS, Fox, etc. Try the Guardian, the Independent, BBC, Fair.org, or just search Google for Noam Chomsky + Afghanistan. Even if our dangerous ignorance is not the result of a conspiracy, we've still got plenty of good reason to alleviate it. Surely we're educated and critical enough to decide for ourselves what constitutes a valid perspective. We don't need the purifying filter of the mainstream media.

The Scarlet Marxist

There have been many critiques of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Some critiques are far-fetched. Some indict society’s views of religion and the guilt of women in the downfall of the human race. However, when taking a modern Marxist view of The Scarlet Letter, the scope of the entire novel takes a dramatic spin, not just for the characters Hawthorne utilizes to bring passions to light, but for society and its conventions used towards certain persons. When evaluating the characters of The Scarlet Letter, the characters represent a particular station and social structure within the time. According to Associated Content, Governor Bellingham is one who â€Å". . . free to stand tall as judge of right and wrong, good and bad, but seemingly never commits wrong himself. † (2009). This Marxist evaluation of Governor Bellingham may not make sense unless you apply it within the realm of Marxism as an indictment on the society and how the classes tend to be separated. Governor Bellingham would then represent those who are of affluence or those who are on the upper end of the economic ladder. This separation of the upper class from the other classes then allows Bellingham to make the judgments that he makes ue to his financial status within the community. Had Bellingham not had this type of financial influence, then he would not be allowed to make any kind of judgments on anyone. Bellingham’s position as governor gives him certain rights that ordinary citizens would not have. The position in society gives Bellingham a reason, whether good or bad, to hand down wha t he feels to be justice for all involved. The justice may not be beneficial but for a few. Yet, when looking at the classes, in Marxist theory, if it benefits the upper class, then it is a benefit. The benefit does not carry or trickle down to the lower classes, which leaves those who are not apart of the upper class at a disadvantage. The character Pearl, daughter of Hester Prynne can be considered a very animated and active. She is the product of the physical relationship between Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne. The child suffered the isolation and condemnation that had been handed to her mother for becoming a part of an adulterous affair. Pearl is a stark representative of what happens to persons born or placed into a lower stature in society. Regardless of how witty, bright or un-loving Pearl was as a child, the society within the Puritan community would never accept her because she was the embodiment of higher society deemed inappropriate for persons to participate in. In looking at Pearl in this way, it is not a stretch to say that she is the form of the content presented by the society at that time. Terry Eagleton states that â€Å"Marxist criticism sees form and content as dialectically related, and yet wants to assert in the end the primacy of content in determining form† (Eagleton 537). In other words, Pearl’s form is created by the content of her character, to take a phrase rom Dr. MLK, Jr. The circumstances in which she was conceived puts in her the essence of being one who is deeply enthralled with passion. Also, Pearl is one who is stubborn to a fault, just as her mother who refused to give up the name of her lover. Knowing these things about Pearl would allow one to cast judgment on her and never allow her to ascend to a higher station or class in life. It is this creation of her within the confines of the Dimmesdale and Prynne relationship that would keep her limited to a specific class and socio-economic status in life, had she decided o live within the small Boston neighborhood in which she grew up. Roger Chillingworth’s character illustrates a di fferent kind of class and form altogether. Chillingworth returns to town to find that his wife, Hester Prynne has not only been accused of adultery, but has a child as proof. Prynne never reveals her lover, pushing Chillingworth to a level of sinister evil that had not been presented within the novel. He never revealed his true identity to anyone but Hester Prynne. He acted as caregiver and doctor for Dimmesdale. It was also at this time that Chillingworth befriended Dimmesdale o find what was eating at his very soul. This type of deception is contemptible to say the least. However, from the Marxist point of view, the true character or form of Chillingworth is a valid indication of the content of his soul. Being a doctor represented being a person of an esteemed stature in society. It also gave him as a member of high society privileges that others in lower classes would never have. He took those privileges and misused them for his own selfish gain (which was to find Prynne’s lover). Chillingworth is the classic example of how the privileged iphon from others to achieve the goal ahead. Eagleton would define Chillingworth’s character as the following: â€Å". . . is not the first place a set of doctrines; it signifies the way men live out their roles in class-society, the values, ideas and images which tie them to their social functions and so prevent them from a true knowledge of society as a whole. † (Eagleton 534) In other words, it is Chillingworth’s class in society that does not allow him to show mercy to Prynne. His class also allows him to be cunning and crafty to find the real illness that afflicts Dimmesdale, use the guilt from the sin to rive Dimmesdale into a chasm of self hatred and loathing, while he simultaneously decays into the demonic fleshly figure that imposes hatred and merciless upon all who dare cross him. Yet, this ghastly figure was indeed Chillingworth’s true form and content. It is his functioning within the u pper class of society that not only gave Chillingworth his form, but also allowed him to participate in the actions leading to Dimmesdale’s without repentance. For Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, society’s position came with a price. He ended up denying his own flesh and blood in the body of Pearl, and he et the woman he loved (Hester Prynne) carry the weight of the sin they both committed. After the town branded Prynne and adulteress, Dimmesdale could not bring himself to admit to the public that it was he who shared the night of passion with Prynne which led to the conception of Pearl. His station or class in society would not allow for such a confession. Associated Content refers to Dimmesdale â€Å"As the ultimately religiously pious figure of the town and he is held in high regard. . . † (2). It is the status of being the reverend for the town along with his education â€Å" a young clergyman, who had come from one of the reat English universities, bringing all the learning of the age into our wild-forest land† (Hawthorne 62) that keeps Dimmesdale from initially admitting what had taken place between himself and Prynne. In comparison to Eagleton, Dimmesdale is the representation of the society and the superstructure that is in place (532). Regardless of how he may want to become a permanent part of Prynne’s life, the superstructure in place would never allow it to be so. It is this superstructure of society that Hester Prynne rebels against and causes her to live a life of isolation with her daughter , save her lients who come to her. Hester Prynne has been called an adulteress by many. Even within the religious community, Prynne is thought of at the least, wrong for her actions, including not revealing the father of her child. It is the content of her life that takes form in this novel. Prynne, strong-willed and determined, did not give in to the demands of the community which asked of her to give Pearl’s father’s name. Prynne refused to do so and in her refusal, lost her status within the community, never to have it returned to her. Relating her character to Marxist literary theory is relatively asy. Prynne is one of the few who would gladly give up his or her station or class in society to the protection of one if not al l. Prynne would not be accepted within the upper class of Boston at this time for she did not conform to the way t he higher classes, both religious and social, decided that life should be conducted. Dr. G. B. Loring declared that â€Å"It would be hard to conceive of a greater outrage upon the freezing and self-denying doctrines of that day, than the sine for which Hester Prynne was damned by and for which Arthur Dimmesdale damned himself† (1). Prynne’s refusal to become part of the culture that denied itself for form and fashion is what pushed her to the outskirts of society. However, even with the refusal to bend in tow, Prynne went on to live a productive life and see her daughter become a elegant young lady. Evaluating The Scarlet Letter from the Marxist point of view is interesting to say the least. Yet, the Marxist point of view gives the reader a broader look at the characters and society as a whole. Through Marxism, it is not just the sin that is looked at, but the condition of the heart, the station and class of man, along with his content and form that makes up society then and now.

Women Astronauts - Image Gallery